For those who are new to the gardening game, you may have noticed that sometimes the terms that are used can be confusing.  I have defined some terms before, but I thought I would define a few terms that are specific to soil and soil related issues (soil preparation, soil conditions, etc.).  Here are a few terms that are often used in the gardening community.

Compacted:  This occurs when soil particles are packed together so tightly that there are limited pores that let water drain through.  Compacted soil can be difficult for plant roots to penetrate.  It can prevent sufficient water from getting to the roots, or cause soil to become water logged in wet conditions.

Water Logged:  This occurs when compacted soil becomes saturated with moisture.  Since the soil has limited pores to allow water to pass through, water drains slowly and can pool up.

Friable:  This is soil with particles that are loosely together (unlike compacted soil) and has adequate pores for water drainage.  This is the desired state of soil for gardening most items.

Compost:  This is used to fertilize plants and improve / repair soil conditions from damage.  It consists of decomposed (or decomposing) organic material such as plants, leaves, grass clippings, animal manure, etc.

Loam:  This refers to soil that consisting of adequate amounts of clay, sand, and silt.  This condition is desirable for most gardens.